Research Methods Class

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Course Content
1. Fundamentals of Research Methods
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DEFINITION OF RESEARCH, CHARACTERISTICS, AND PURPOSE
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SOURCES OF KNOWLEDGE: EXPERIENCE, REASONING & SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY
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ELEMENTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH: CONCEPTS, CONSTRUCTS AND VARIABLES
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2. Basic Elements of Scientific Research
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TYPES OF VARIABLES: INDEPENDENT, DEPENDENT, CONFOUNDING & MODERATING VARIABLES
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CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES AND SCALES OF MEASUREMENT (NOMINAL, ORDINAL, INTERVAL, RATIO)
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RESEARCH PROBLEM: DEFINITION & STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
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OBJECTIVES, RESEARCH QUESTIONS, HYPOTHESES AND TYPES OF HYPOTHESES
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RELATIONS, DEFINITION OF TERMS, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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Revision
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REVISION LESSON 1 ON IDENTIFICATION OF A RESEARCH PROBLEM & WRITING THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
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REVISION LESSON 2 ON CONCEPTS, VARIABLES & CONSTRUCTS
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REVISION LESSON 3 ON TYPES OF VARIABLES:INDEPENDENT, DEPENDENT, INTERVENING, EXTRANEOUS & MODERATING
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REVISION LESSON 4 ON SCALES OR LEVELS OF MEASUREMENT: NOMINAL || ORDINAL || INTERVAL || RATIO.
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REVISION LESSON 5 ON CORRELATION: || DOES CORRELATION DETERMINE CAUSALITY? WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?
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3. Research Philosophy
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RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY : RESEARCH PARADIGMS & PHILOSOPHICAL ASSUMPTIONS
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4. Research Approaches and Designs
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RESEARCH APPROACHES: Basic Vs. Applied & Quantitative Vs. Qualitative Research Approach
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACHES
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QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS: SURVEY, EX POST FACTO & EXPERIMENTAL
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EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS: TRUE EXPERIMENTAL AND QUASI EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS
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THREATS TO INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL VALIDITY OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS
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QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: CHARACTERISTICS, STEPS OF CONDUCTING QL RESEARCH & TRIANGULATION
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QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS / APPROACHES (THE 5 GIANTS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH)
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MIXED METHOD RESEARCH: METHODOLOGICAL APROACHES, DEFINITION, STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS
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MIXED METHOD RESEARCH DESIGNS/STRATEGIES: CONCURRENT/SEQUENTIAL VS. PRIORITY/SEQUENCE
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THE STEPS OR THE PROCESS OF CONDUCTING QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
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5. Validity and Reliability of Research Instruments
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MEASUREMENT ERRORS IN SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: RANDOM & CONSISTENT ERRORS
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CONTENT VALIDITY – TYPES OF CONTENT VALIDITY & METHODS OF DETERMINING CONTENT VALIDITY
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CONSTRUCT & CRITERION- RELATED VALIDITY :TYPES & METHODS OF DETERMINING THE TWO VALIDITY
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METHODS OF DETERMINING RELIABILITY USING REPEATED MEASUREMENTS METHODS
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SPLIT-HALF RELIABILITY: DETERMING SPLIT-HALF RELIABILITY USING SPSS
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ALPHA COEFFICIENT RELIABILITY: DETERMINING ALPHA COEFFICIENT RELIABILITY USING SPSS
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VALIDITY: METHODS OF DETERMINING VALIDITY / CREDIBILITY IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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RELIABILITY: METHODS OF DETERMINING RELIABILITY / DEPENDABILITY IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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6. Sampling Techniques
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SAMPLING: DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN SAMPLING, PURPOSE & LIMITATIONS OF SAMPLING
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SAMPLING: METHODS OF DETERMINING THE SAMPLE SIZE IN QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
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SAMPLING: RANDOM/ PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUE & GENERATION OF RANDOM NUMBERS
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SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING: DEFINITION & STEPS OF CONDUCTING SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING DESIGN
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STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING: DEFINITION & STEPS OF CONDUCTING STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING
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SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING: DEFINITION & STEPS OF CONDUCTING SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
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CLUSTER RANDOM SAMPLING DESIGN: DEFINITION & STEPS OF CONDUCTING CLUSTER RANDOM SAMPLING
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MULTI-STAGE SAMPLING DESIGN: DEFINITION & STEPS OF CONDUCTING MULTI-STAGE SAMPLING
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NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING DESIGNS: CONVENIENCE, PURPOSIVE, QUOTA & SNOW-BALL DESIGNS
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THE SAMPLING PROCESS || THE SIX STEPS FOLLOWED WHEN SAMPLING
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7. Data Collection Instruments/Tools
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METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION: TYPES OF DATA || SOURCES OF DATA
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QUESTIONNAIRES: TYPES OF INFORMATION & DESIGNS OF CONSTRUCTING A QUESTIONNAIRE
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THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING A QUESTIONNAIRE ||THE STEPS FOLLOWED & THE DESIGN OF QUESTIONS
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LIKERT SCALE || WHAT IS LIKERT? || DOES IT COLLECT CONTINUOUS OR CATEGORICAL DATA?
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INTERVIEWS || TYPES, STRUCTURE & SKILLS REQUIRED TO CONDUCT AN INTERVIEW
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FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION || FEATURES OF FOCUS GROUPS || RULES TO BE FOLLOWED
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OBSERVATION: MEANING, TYPES, CHARACTERISTICS, STRENGTHS & LIMITATIONS OF OBSERVATION
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DOCUMENT ANALYSIS: MEANING, TYPES, SOURCES & METHODS OF DETERMINING CREDIBITLITY OF DOC
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8. Data Analysis Techniques
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DATA ANALYSIS: BASIC CONCEPTS IN DATA ANALYSIS || TYPES OF STATISTICS & STATISTICAL TEST
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DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS: THE THREE METHODS OF ANALYSING DATA DESCRIPTIVELY
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INFERENTIAL STATISTICS: MEANING & USE OF HYPOTHESES IN INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
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STATISTICAL TESTS: TYPES & FORMS OF STATISTICAL TESTS
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CHOOSING THE RIGHT STATISTICAL TESTS: FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A TEST
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9. Proposal Writing
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INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH PROPOSAL: MEANING, PURPOSE & STRUCTURE
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RESEARCH PROPOSAL: BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY & STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
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RESEARCH PROPOSAL: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY, OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY, RESEARCH QUESTIONS
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RESEARCH PROPOSAL || HYPOTHESES: MEANING & TYPES OF HYPOTHESES
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RESEARCH PROPOSAL: SIGNIFICANCE, DELIMITATIONS & LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
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RESEARCH PROPOSAL: ASSUMPTIONS, DEFINITIONS OF TERMS & ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY
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LITERATURE REVIEW: MEANING, PURPOSE & SCOPE OF LITERATURE REVIEW
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STEPS OF CONDUCTING LITERATURE REVIEW, SOURCES OF LITERATURE REVIEW & ONLINE DATABASES
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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: HOW TO IDENTIFY A THEORY FOR YOUR STUDY &STEPS OF STATING A THEORY
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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: MEANING, SOURCES & METHODS OF PRESENTING A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY || DIFFERENCE BETWEEN METHODOLOGY AND METHODS
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY || SECTION 3.2: RESEARCH PARADIGM
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY || SECTION 3.3: RESEARCH DESIGN
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY || SECTION 3.4: TARGET POPULATION
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY || SECTION 3.5: SAMPLE SIZE & SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY||SECTION 3.6 DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS & 3.7 COLLECTION PROCEDURES
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY || SECTION 3.8: DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES || QUANTITATIVE DATA
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: SECTION 3.8: DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES || QUALITATIVE DATA
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY || SECTION 3.10 || METHODOLOGY MATRIX TABLE
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10. Structure of Thesis or Dissertation
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RESEARCH PROJECT, THESIS OR DISSERTATION || THE STRUCTURE OF THE CHAPTER
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DATA ANALYSIS, PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION & DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
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11. Structure of Chapter Five of Thesis or Dissertation
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
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12. APA style of Referencing
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APA STYLE OF REFERENCING || DIFFERENCES BETWEEN APA 6TH EDITION AND APA 7TH EDITION
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APA STYLE OF REFERENCING || HOW TO CITE BOOKS AND JOURNALS USING APA 7TH EDITION
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APA STYLE OF REFERENCING || HOW TO FORMAT ACADEMIC PAPERS USING APA 7TH EDITION
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APA STYLE OF REFERENCING || FORMATTING PRELIMINARY PAGES OF THESIS & DISSERTATIONS
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APA STYLE OF REFERENCING: FORMATTING THE MAIN SECTIONS /BODY OF THESIS & DISSERTATIONS-1
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APA STYLE OF REFERENCING: FORMATTING THE MAIN SECTIONS /BODY OF THESIS & DISSERTATIONS-2
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Research Methods Course
About Lesson

In Lecture 39, we have said that a questionnaire is the most common instrument that is used in data collection. In this lesson, we are going to discuss the four main steps that are followed when designing a questionnaire. We shall also discuss the design of closed-ended and open-ended questions in a questionnaire.

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Research Methods Class